Analysis of Bigger Thomas in the Novel Native Son

Analysis of Bigger Thomas in Native Son by Richard Wright

Introduction to Bigger Thomas

Bigger Thomas is the protagonist of Richard Wright's *Native Son*, a novel set in 1930s Chicago that explores the psychological and social effects of systemic racism on African Americans. Bigger is a complex character whose actions, motivations, and internal conflicts reflect the harsh realities of race relations during the time. His life is shaped by poverty, lack of opportunity, and racial prejudice, leading him to make violent and often self-destructive choices.

The Struggle with Identity

Throughout the novel, Bigger is caught in a constant struggle to define his own identity. Raised in a segregated society that marginalizes him because of his race, Bigger's sense of self is fragmented and distorted. He experiences feelings of rage and helplessness, leading to his violent actions. His inability to reconcile his internal world with the external pressures placed upon him by a racist society results in a profound sense of alienation.

The Tragic Nature of Bigger's Actions

Bigger's journey in the novel is marked by a series of tragic decisions, each of which compounds his sense of entrapment. His first major act of violence, the accidental killing of Mary Dalton, is not premeditated but rather the result of his fear, confusion, and the overwhelming societal pressures he faces. Wright uses this moment to illustrate how systemic racism forces individuals like Bigger to confront life-or-death situations, often with disastrous consequences.

"Bigger's fear of the white world is so deep that it influences every part of his being, every action he takes, and every thought he has."

The Role of Social and Economic Forces

Bigger’s choices throughout the novel are deeply influenced by the socio-economic conditions in which he lives. Wright critiques the cycle of poverty and racial discrimination that limits African Americans' opportunities for social mobility. Bigger’s actions are, in many ways, a response to the limited options available to him, as well as the racist structures that deny him his humanity and freedom.

The Psychological Dimensions of Bigger's Character

Wright also delves into the psychological aspects of Bigger’s character, showing how fear, guilt, and anger take a toll on his mental state. Bigger’s violent acts can be seen as a way of asserting control in a world where he has none. His fear of the future, the fear of being punished for his race, and his guilt over his actions all contribute to his mental unraveling. Wright’s portrayal of Bigger as both a victim and a perpetrator of violence is central to the novel’s exploration of racial oppression.

Conclusion

Bigger Thomas is a tragic figure who embodies the destructive effects of racism on the individual. His life, shaped by poverty, fear, and societal expectations, leads to irreversible consequences. Through Bigger’s story, Richard Wright paints a harrowing picture of the dehumanizing effects of racial injustice, while also calling for a deeper understanding of the psychological and social forces that shape human behavior.